http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/childps/ChildRestraints/ReUse/RestraintReUse.htm
NHTSA Position
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NHTSA recommends that child safety seats be replaced following a moderate or severe crash in order to ensure a continued high level of crash protection for child passengers.
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NHTSA recommends that child safety seats do not automatically need to be replaced following a minor crash.
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Minor crashes are those that meet ALL of the following criteria:
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The vehicle was able to be driven away from the crash site;
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The vehicle door nearest the safety seat was undamaged;
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There were no injuries to any of the vehicle occupants;
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The air bags (if present) did not deploy; AND
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There is no visible damage to the safety seat
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Clarifying the need for child seat replacement will reduce the number of children unnecessarily riding without a child safety seat while a replacement seat is being acquired, and the number of children who will have to ride without a child seat if a seat were discarded and not replaced. The clarification will also reduce the financial burden of unnecessary replacement.
Background
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Recent studies demonstrate that child safety seats can withstand minor crash impacts without any documented degradation in subsequent performance.
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The Insurance Corporation of British Columbia ( ICBC ) subjected nine new and used child seats restraining 3-year-old dummies to a series of 50 consecutive 15 km/h sled tests into a 40% offset barrier. Three seats were inspected visually; no damage was apparent as a result of the impacts. Three seats underwent x-ray inspection; no damage was detected. Three seats were tested in accordance with Canadian federal standards (CMVSS 213) and were found to be in compliance with all standards.